nMeasurement Errors
nGPS Synchronized Measurements are More Accurate than Sensors but
still Imperfect – Errors are Present
nSensorless SCADA Have Accuracy Comparable to GPS Synchronized
Measurements
n
nSystem Exhibits “Internal” Errors
nErrors from
Instrumentation
nErrors from Imbalance
nErrors from Asymmetry
n
nSolution
nData Filtering via Estimation Methods à
Validation