Upgrading transmission does not
necessarily improve security
•The (eventual) changes in system
loading are also important
•Example is based on
D. Kirschen, G. Strbac, Why investments do
not prevent blackouts, UMIST 2003 www.ksg.harvard.edu/hepg/Standard_Mkt_dsgn/Blackout_Kirschen_Strbac_082703.pdf